The elements which are present between s and p-block elements in the modern periodic table are called transition elements.
Transition elements have partly filled (n-1) d-orbitals.
In transition elements the last electron enters penultimate d orbitals i.e. (n-1)d orbitals and that is why they are called d-block elements.
The general valence shell configurations of transition elements is (n-1)d1–10.ns0, 1, 2.
All the d-block elements are classified into four series viz 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d series corresponding to the filling of 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d orbitals.
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